I International Conference on Renewable Energy - ICEREH 2026, Valverde (Spain). 10-13 November 2026
Summary:
Island power systems have small inertia and are not interconnected, and with the growing penetration of wind power their wind generators are increasingly expected to contribute to primary frequency control. To do so they must operate in a de-loaded mode, and the reserve held back is released by a droop control. In case of a low frequency event, however, the final power produced ends up being lower than expected, because the droop action slows the rotor down and the de-loading curve then reduces the power output. This paper complements the droop control with a feedforward term that cancels the effect of the rotor deceleration, given in an exact and in a linear form, and leaving both the de-loading curve and the power loop unchanged. On the island of La Palma, modelled with its real under-frequency load-shedding scheme, the compensation roughly doubles the reserve delivered and improves the steady-state frequency, but it leaves the frequency nadir and the shed load unchanged in all 158 outage cases studied. A sweep of the de-loading level shows that the reserve margin rather than the control law is the binding constraint on providing effective primary frequency control.
Keywords: Frequency stability, island power systems, wind generation, primary frequency control.
Publication date: 10-Nov-2026.
Citation:
C. Gimeno, L. Sigrist, M. Rajabdorri, "Provision of Primary Frequency Control by Wind Generators", presented at I International Conference on Renewable Energy - ICEREH 2026, Valverde, Spain, 10-13 November 2026
IIT-26-279C
