17th Seminar on Power Electronics and Control - SEPOC 2025, Balneário Camboriú (Brazil). 09-12 November 2025
Summary:
The battery energy storage system (BESS) is a key component in the energy transition. It helps manage the variability of renewable energy sources by storing energy for use as needed, thereby facilitating their integration into the grid. However, the high initial cost and the lack of ancillary services markets that promote its installation limit its large-scale implementation. This study proposes a method to determine the optimal sizing of a BESS providing frequency regulation within a distribution system. To achieve this, a multi-objective approach is used to evaluate aspects related to financial issues, BESS degradation, and grid impact, through which candidate sizings (BESS solutions) are classified based on Pareto optimality to identify non-dominated solutions. The methodology determines the optimal size by balancing non-dominated solutions using the Nash equilibrium, providing stakeholders with a final solution.
Three cases are examined, each with a different combination of the proposed objective functions. The aim is to take on the role of an independent investor or a grid operator, who base their decisions solely on the information available to them.
The results show a preference for BESS with a C-rate of 0.25, and demonstrate that the proposed method effectively supports decision-making for their installation in distribution systems.
Spanish layman's summary:
Este estudio propone un método para determinar el dimensionamiento óptimo de un BESS que presta servicios de regulación de frecuencia en un sistema de distribución, utilizando un enfoque multiobjetivo que considera el desempeño económico, la degradación de la batería y el impacto en la red, identificando la solución óptima mediante la optimalidad de Pareto y el equilibrio de Nash.
English layman's summary:
This study proposes a method to determine the optimal sizing of a BESS providing frequency regulation in a distribution system using a multi-objective approach that considers economic performance, battery degradation, and grid impact, identifying the optimal solution through Pareto optimality and Nash equilibrium.
Keywords: Battery energy storage systems, multi-objective optimization, frequency regulation, Pareto-optimality
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1109/SEPOC67005.2025.11297632
Published in: SEPOC 2025: Conference proceedings, pp: 1-8, ISBN: 979-8-3315-9353-7
Publication date: 23-Dec-2025.
Citation:
H. Villanueva Panocca, L.A. Oroya, J.A. A. Silva, M.J. Rider, "Multi-Objective Sizing of BESS for Frequency Regulation", presented at 17th Seminar on Power Electronics and Control - SEPOC 2025, Balneário Camboriú, Brazil, 09-12 November 2025. In: SEPOC 2025: Conference proceedings, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/SEPOC67005.2025.11297632
IIT-25-384C
