Grid-forming converter DC-link control considering the primary energy source

C. Paolis Robles, A. Tomás-Martín, I. Egido, A. García-Cerrada

Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 264, pp. 113887

Resumen:

The gradual substitution of conventional synchronous generators by converter-interfaced renewable energy sources raises concerns about the reduction of conventional inertia in electric power systems and the ensuing threat to their stability. In this regard, grid-forming voltage source converters have been proposed as a key solution to address this challenge. Although a growing body of literature addresses DC-link voltage regulation in grid-forming converters, most existing approaches implicitly assume an ideal and unconstrained DC power source. As a result, the dynamic response and operational limits of the primary energy source, which can critically shape the available DC-side power during transients, are rarely modeled or explicitly accounted for in the design of the DC-link control. This paper demonstrates that incorporating these aspects at the design stage reduces the risk of converter disconnection from the power grid under sudden power imbalances, while enhancing system resilience. A systematic methodology based on a Genetic Algorithm is proposed to tune the control parameters. The performance of the proposed control is validated by simulation using a detailed electromagnetic transient model.

Resumen divulgativo:

Este artículo propone una metodología sistemática, basada en un algoritmo genético, para diseñar controles de tensión del lado DC que reducen el riesgo de desconexión de convertidores Grid-Forming teniendo en cuenta las dinámicas y límites de la fuente de energía primaria y del condensador DC.

Palabras Clave: Grid connectivity; Grid-forming; Primary energy source; DC-link; Genetic algorithm

Índice de impacto JCR-JIF y cuartil WoS: 4,300 - Q2 (2025)

Referencia DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.113887

Publicado en papel: Marzo 2027.

Publicado on-line: Julio 2026.

Cita:
C. Paolis Robles, A. Tomás-Martín, I. Egido, A. García-Cerrada, "Grid-forming converter DC-link control considering the primary energy source", Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 264, pp. 113887, Marzo 2027. [Online: Julio 2026] doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.113887