5th International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering - ICECCME 2025, Zanzibar (Tanzania). 16-19 octubre 2025
Resumen:
This paper proposes a fast and interpretable framework for frequency-constrained unit commitment (FCUC) using machine-learning (ML) surrogates. Unlike prior studies that rely on proprietary system-frequency-response tools, we use an open-source second-order differential equation (SODE) model to simulate generator outages, generating a 117000 -scenario dataset. Three linear classifiers -Logistic Regression (LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and a log-loss Stochastic-Gradient-Descent model (SGD-Log)-are trained on this dataset and inserted as linear constraints in a mixed-integer UC model to enforce frequency adequacy. The surrogates detect ≥98.8 % of unsafe operating points (≤32 false negatives) while training in only 0.1 s to 2.3 s. Applied to a spring-week case study on the La Palma island system, they uphold a strict -3 Hz nadir limit, achieve average nadirs of -1.23 Hz to -1.31 Hz, compared with -1.41 Hz in the unconstrained base case, and raise weekly cost by no more than 1.3 % above that baseline. Also, in comparison with a first-order differential equation (FODE) model, the SODE-ML formulations solve 40−390× faster (12.2s to 101.4s vs. 4767s) without linearisation assumptions. These results demonstrate that reproducible, SODE-labelled surrogates enable secure and computationally efficient FCUC for low-inertia grids.
Resumen divulgativo:
Este trabajo usa modelos sustitutos de aprendizaje automático, entrenados con simulaciones de frecuencia de segundo orden, para imponer seguridad de frecuencia en la programación de generación de redes insulares de baja inercia, con gran ahorro computacional y bajo sobrecoste.
Palabras clave: Frequency-constrained unit commitment (FCUC), machine learning (ML), frequency nadir (FN), second-order differential equation (SODE), mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), renewable energy sources (RES).
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECCME64568.2025.11277713
Publicado en: ICECCME 2025: Conference proceedings, pp: 1-6, ISBN: 979-8-3315-3557-5
Fecha de publicación: 15-dic-2025
Cita:
A.O. Olasoji, D.T.O. Oyedokun, M. Rajabdorri, J.E. Sierra-Aguilar, Ch.E. Okafor, M. Mditshwa, "Frequency-Constrained UC via Second-Order ODEs with ML Surrogates", presentado en 5th International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering - ICECCME 2025, Zanzibar, Tanzania, 16-19 octubre 2025. En: ICECCME 2025: Conference proceedings, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICECCME64568.2025.11277713
IIT-25-410C
