Comparison of upper neck loading in young adult and elderly volunteers during low speed frontal impacts using anthropometric parameters and inverse dynamics

The forces and moment that the upper neck imposes on the head during a low speed frontal impact will be calculated. Data from experiments conducted on young adult and elderly volunteers will be used, where anthropometric parameters, angular velocity of the head and coordinates of the markers placed on volunteers are known. Some head parameters, such as the mass and moment of inertia, will be estimated in order to apply inverse dynamics to calculate upper neck loading