8th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference - APPEEC 2016, Xi'an (China). 25-28 octubre 2016
Summary:
The electrification of the transportation sector is likely to contribute reducing the global dependency on oil and is expected to drive investments to renewable and intermittent energy sources, by taking advantage of it energy storage capacity. In order to facilitate the EV integration to the grid, and to take advantage of the battery storage and the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scheme, smart charging strategies will be required. However, these strategies rarely consider all relevant costs, such as battery degradation. This work analyses the profitability of bidirectional energy transfer, i.e. the possibility of using aggregated EV batteries as storage for energy which can be injected back to the grid, by considering battery degradation as a cost included in the proposed strategy. A mixed integer linear problem (MILP) for minimizing energy costs and battery ageing costs for EV owners is formulated. The battery degradation due to charging and discharging in the V2G scheme is accounted for in the model used. Two case studies of overnight charging of EVs in Sweden and in Spain are proposed. Results show that given current energy prices and battery costs, V2G is not profitable for EV owners, but if battery prices decrease as expected, the V2G will be present in the medium term.
Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Battery Degradation, V2G, Energy Management Models.
DOI: 
10.1109/APPEEC.2016.7779518
Publication date: October 2016.
Citation:
Calvillo, C., Czechowski, K., Söder, L., Sánchez, A., Villar, J., Vehicle-to-grid profitability considering EV battery degradation, 8th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference - APPEEC 2016, Xi'an (China). 25-28 October 2016.
IIT-16-147A
